Fig. 1: Formulation and characterization of HPMs-AgNW inks.

a Molecular structure of NHPM and SHPM. b Illustration showing AgNWs being stabilized by SHPM (S-Ag bond: orange, solvation: blue, Ag: gray, S: red). c SEM image of as-prepared AgNWs. TEM images of (d) NHPM-AgNW and (f) SHPM-AgNW. EDS element maps of (e) Ag (green), C (red), N (wathet), and O (magenta) for NHPM-AgNW and (g) Ag (green), C (red), S (yellow), and O (magenta) for SHPM-AgNW. h XPS spectra of AgNW (black), NHPM-AgNW (peach), and SHPM-AgNW (blue) in the Ag 3d region. i Viscosity as a function of shear rate for NHPM-AgNW IPA inks with solid contents of 7.1 wt.% (gray), 13.2 wt.% (peach), and 20.3 wt.% (blue). j Rheological properties of the NHPM-AgNW IPA inks during shear thinning and shear recovery (7.1 wt.%: gray, 13.2 wt.%: peach, and 20.3 wt.% blue). k G”/G’ as a function of shear stress for NHPM-AgNW IPA inks (7.1 wt.%: gray, 13.2 wt.%: peach, and 20.3 wt.% blue). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.