Fig. 1: Processing and resultant tensile properties of the alloys.

a Schematic of the modified thermomechanical manufacturing process and microstructural evolution. Note the bimodal microstructure is obtained without the warm rolling step but also with the same heat treatment. Blue shading indicates rolling in the fully austenitic region; yellow shading indicates rolling in the austenite + ferrite region. αi (ferrite) and γi (austenite) refer to the point at which each phase morphology was formed (see text). RX indicates recrystallised, while unRX indicates unrecrystallised. b Tensile behaviour of the reference material Eurofer97 and our Stage 2 and Stage 3 RAFM steels (graphs are a representative example taken from 3 repeat tests).