Fig. 1: Construction and structure of HAA-SPVA hydrogel.

Schematic illustration for preparation, morphological evolution, and formation of strong hydrogen bond networks for a robust super-structured porous hydrogel towards the repair of dynamic soft tissue defect. Directional freezing-assisted progressive solvent exchange process in cold moisture at −20 °C results in the biomimetic structure of anisotropic skeleton and asymmetric porous surfaces. The subsequent immersion of amino acid markedly enhances polymer chains aggregation to form robust networks, and immersion of dodecylboronic acid for hydrophobic modification slows down the disgregation of the networks in the wet environment, eventually providing our hydrogel with ultra-high and dynamic bioadaptive mechanical properties.