Fig. 1: Key design principles of developed water surface jumping mechanism.
From: Beyond surface tension-dominated water surface jumping

a Schematic illustration of the functional parts of the springtails and (b) its water surface jumping motion based on the surface tension-dominated mechanism. c Schematic illustration of the functional modules of the water surface jumping soft robot based on proposed design principles and (d) the high-speed camera images obtained from Supplementary Movie 1 showing the take-off process of the soft robot. Note that the vb and vtotal in the image is the speed of the actuation module and the take-off velocity of the whole soft robot, respectively. e The comparison of the robot with and without the superhydrophobic contact with water. f The comparison of the robot with soft connection and rigid connection.