Fig. 6: Comparison of airway and alveolar epithelial changes in lipid composition between HDM + O₃ and control-treated female mice.

a Dot plot summarizing lipid class enrichment results comparing female HDM + O₃ and control-treated airway epithelium. Lipid classes were separated into fatty acyls with a high degree of saturation (Sat.) or a low degree of saturation (Unsat.). b Volcano plot summarizing significantly altered lipids in the airway epithelium comparing the HDM + O₃ group relative to female control mice. c Dot plot summarizing lipid class enrichment results comparing female HDM + O₃ and control-treated alveolar epithelium. d Volcano plot summarizing significantly altered lipids in the alveolar epithelium comparing the HDM + O₃ group relative to female control mice. All dot plots and volcano plots used a p value cutoff of p < 0.05 to determine statistical significance. The fold change direction for all panels is expressed as the abundance in the HDM + O₃ group relative to the control group. P values for enrichment analyses were based on a one-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test with FDR-correction. P values for univariate analyses were determined based on a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis in R using a 95% confidence interval and default R function parameters. A log₂ fold-change of 0.5 (or a fold-change that is greater than 1) was used to define a high-effect size. Fatty acid (FA), acylcarnitine (AC), cardiolipin (CL), ceramide (Cer), cholesterol ester (CE), dihydrosphingomyelin (DhSM), glycosylceramide (HexCer), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), triacylglycerol (TG). Source data for panels a-d are provided as Source Data files.