Fig. 3: Surface wettability.

a Contact angles (CAs) and sliding angles (SAs) of water and edible oil on the as-prepared coating surfaces at different r values. b Schematic illustration of liquid-wetting models for the coating surfaces. c Relative surface roughness of the as-prepared coating surfaces at different r values. d Digital photographs showing the wettability of various liquids on coated cotton fabric. e Digital photographs of coated substrates (including cotton fabric, filter paper, spandex, and foam) immersed in water, exhibiting a silver mirror-like phenomenon. f The corresponding water adhesion force of the uncoated and coated substrates. g A sequence of graphs recorded a water droplet (10 μL) impacting and bouncing on the coating surface (droplet release height: 2 cm). h Optical images of water and edible oil droplets placed on the coated cotton fabric as a function of testing time (environment temperature: 20 °C; relative humidity: 65%). All error bars represent the standard deviations calculated from at least three independent measurements. Source data are provided in the Source data file.