Fig. 4: EBOV infection induces robust innate antiviral and adaptive immune responses.
From: Jamaican fruit bats’ competence for Ebola but not Marburg virus is driven by intrinsic differences
RT-qPCR of interferon stimulated gene (ISG) (A, C, E) or pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) (B, D, F) mRNA in the skin at inoculation site (A, B), liver (C, D), or spleen (E, F) collected from healthy control bats (n = 4) and at day (D) 3 or 7 necropsy of EBOV or MARV-infected bats (n = 4). A–F ΔCT values were normalized to the average ΔCT value of the healthy control bats to calculate ΔΔCT. Fold change of each gene at necropsy day was compared to the healthy controls using a two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple test comparison. G Serum binding antibodies and (H) neutralizing titers were determined via ELISA assay with a standard curve of EBOV glycoprotein (GP) or neutralization assay, respectively. Neutralizing titer is presented as the lowest dilution that protected 50% of wells in a TCID50 assay. I Serum binding antibodies and (J) neutralizing titers were determined via ELISA assay with a standard curve of MARV GP or neutralization assay, respectively. Neutralizing titer is presented as the lowest dilution that protected 50% of wells in a TCID50 assay. K Cryopreserved splenocytes from naïve controls (n = 8) and D28 EBOV (n = 4) infected bats were analyzed for intracellular expression of CD3ε and CD79a to identify the proportion of T cells and B cells from a live lymphocytes gate. L CD79a+ B cells from cryopreserved splenocytes, naïve controls (n = 8), and D28 EBOV (n = 4) infected bats, were analyzed for interaction with Alexa-fluor 598 conjugated recombinant EBOV-GP receptor binding domain. The percentage of live CD79a+ B cells with a positive EBOV-GP staining signal after subtracting the fluorescence minus one control signal. Data plotted as mean ± S.D. A two-sided Mann-Whitney statistical test was used to assess statistical significance. A–F, K Box defines the upper (75th percentile) and lower (25th percentile) quartiles with whiskers extending from minimum to maximum with all values shown, and the line as the median. P values adjusted for multiple comparisons <0.05 for comparisons versus healthy controls are indicated. **** <0.0001, *** <0.001, ** <0.01, * <0.05.
