Fig. 4: TA characterization of a D18:Y6 blend after selective excitation of D18.

a Proposed charge-separation model in aggregated systems with stronger delocalization character: (1) photoexcitation and 1LE generation; (2) transfer from the 1LE to 1D; (3) transfer from 1D to FC (bypassing interfacial CT states); (4) equilibrium between back transfer to 1CT and 3CT and re-ionization to FC; (5) recombination to the 3T state; (6 and 7) recombination to S0 from 3T and 1CT. b TA spectra of a D18:Y6 blend after selective D18 excitation (550 nm; 2 μJ/cm2) with the notable features indicated (GSBD18/GSBY6: ground-state bleach of D18 or Y6; 1LED18/1LEY6: singlet local exciton of D18 or Y6; EA: electroabsorption peak, A−Y6: Y6 anion). c Normalized TA traces of the same D18:Y6 film under the same excitation conditions probed at 595, 650, 860, and 1170 nm for the GSBD18, EA, GSBY6, and 1LED18 features, respectively.