Fig. 2: Optimization of the Cas12f/cgRNA system.

a Dose-dependent analysis of cgRNA-directed gene activation in the reporter cells two days after transfection. b Time-course analysis of cgRNA-directed gene activation in the reporter cells transfected with 16 ng cgRNAs. c Gene activation guided by cgRNAs with various linkers in the reporter cells three days after transfection with 16 ng cgRNAs. d Gene activation guided by cgRNAs with various lengths combined with the linker AC5 and AC10 in the reporter cells three days after transfection with 16 ng cgRNAs. AC5-15nt refers to the length of spacer sequence is 15nt and the AC5 linker is used. For a–d n = 3 independent experiments, and data are presented as mean values ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, (two-sided Student’s t-test for (a) and (b) one-way ANOVA test for c and d tested sample versus Normal gRNA sample). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.