Fig. 1: Background and introduction of C1-C3 gaseous alkanes carbonylation.
From: Copper-catalyzed photoinduced carbonylation of C1-C3 gaseous alkanes

a Application examples of CO in industrial synthesis. b General strategies for the synthesis of short-chain carboxylic acid derivatives by carbonylation. c Distribution of C1-C3 gaseous alkanes in natural gas. d Bond dissociation energy (BDE) of various gaseous alkanes. e The low solubility and competition of gaseous starting materials in organic solvents. f A net oxidative process in photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge of CuCl2. g This work, a copper-catalyzed C1-C3 gaseous alkanes carbonylation via photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer. MMA, methyl methacrylate, production volume not yet announced.