Fig. 3: Experimental results of image classification.

a Original projected image of 26 letters. b Directly acquired images of 26 letters. c Experimental confusion table for 26-letter classification (10.9 photons per pixel per pattern). d, e Comparison of the classification accuracy of “NJU” using PCR computing and area computing. d Results of the normal projected image. e Results of eliminating crosstalk caused by DMD projection. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) between the direct acquisition results and the original patterns are listed. f Directly acquired images of “NJU” with 0.12 photons per pixel per pattern (the crosstalk signals have been removed).