Fig. 2: Electric field effects on O-H dipole stretching vibration.
From: Quantifying hydrogen bonding using electrically tunable nanoconfined water
a Schematic of Raman measurements with external electric field, Eext, applied to a tgr/hBN/gypsum/hBN/bgr heterostructure. b Optical micrograph of one of our gypsum heterostructure devices. tgr and bgr refer to top and bottom FLG electrodes. Scale bar is 20 μm. Color maps of Raman spectra for O-HA (c) and O-HB (d) at 80 K under Eext. Color from dark blue to yellow indicates increasing Raman intensity. e Raman peak positions of the two O-H stretching modes at different temperatures under Eext. Datasets with the same temperature but different colors were collected from different samples. Six datasets were acquired from six separate samples. The inset shows the change in O-H dipoles and Etot under Eext, the effect is exaggerated for clarity. Dashed circles mark positions of H atoms in the absence of Eext. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
