Fig. 1: Overview of desiccation tolerance research.

Summaries of a evolutionary, b ecological, c morphological, d cellular, and e molecular aspects of desiccation tolerance. f timeline of major natural and research milestones in desiccation tolerance. Colors represent the biological scale of each discovery: purple for discoveries in evolution, blue for discoveries in geography, green for organismal-scale discoveries, yellow for cellular-scale discoveries, and red for discoveries on the molecular scale. Orange represents a historical biological event. For a brief history of the modern discovery of desiccation tolerance, see Alpert (2000). Illustrations in (c–e) by Rachel Torrez.