Fig. 3: _ZI-GABACN^GLU and _ZI-GLUCN^GABA neurons are activated by acute stress.

a Schematic illustrating viral injections in vGluT2-Cre mice. b Representative image of viral infection and optic fiber implantation in the CN of vGluT2-Cre mice. Scale: 200 μM. c–h in vivo recording of Ca²⁺ activity in _ZI-GABACN^GLU neurons under 6 different stress conditions. Heat maps display Ca²⁺ events in response to stress stimulation. Lower panels present Ca²⁺ transients summarized from all trials, with blue lines indicating the mean and a pink background representing 95% confidence. i Peak of Ca²⁺ transients in six stress situations. See Supplementary Table 1 for statistics. n = 5 per group. ^***p < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA test. Data: Mean ± SEM. j Schematic showing viral injections in vGat-Cre mice. k Example image displaying viral infection and optic fiber implantation in CN of vGat-Cre mice. Scale: 200 μM. l–q In vivo recording of Ca²⁺ activity in _ZI-GLUCN^GABA neurons during 6 stress tests. Heat maps show Ca²⁺ events in response to stress stimuli. Lower panels show summarized Ca²⁺ transients from all trials. r Ca²⁺ peak transients in stress situations. See Supplementary Table 2 for statistics. n = 5 per group. ^***p < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA test. Data: Mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.