Fig. 1: CPP assay enables multiplexed imaging of cellular structures based on iterative staining-elution cycles.

A, B Representative images and schematic illustration comparing the original Cell Painting (CP) method to the Cell Painting PLUS (CPP) assay conducted in MCF-7 cells. NBiol = 4. Scale bars = 50 µm. C Representative images and corresponding histograms showing single dye stainings before and after elution using the CPP dye elution buffer in MCF-7 cells. Signal intensity ranges of displayed images are indicated enabling comparison between channels and to data shown in Fig. 2C. NBiol = 1. Scale bars = 20 µm. D Representative images and corresponding histograms showing cellular morphologies after elution and re-staining of MCF-7 cells shown in (C) using the same dyes (* except for live-cell dyes). Signal intensity ranges of displayed images are indicated enabling comparison between channels and to data shown in (C). NBiol = 1. Scale bars = 20 µm. E Schematic workflow outlining the CPP staining and elution procedure. F Representative images showcasing the application of CPP staining to U2OS, HepG2, and RPTEC cells. NBiol = 4. Scale bars = 50 µm.