Fig. 3: Varimax factor analysis of leaf wax isotopes, BUS sea surface temperatures (SST) and productivity proxies, and Southern Ocean dust flux.

a Timeseries of Factor 1 (black) plotted against the standardized timeseries of the variables with the strongest loadings (ODP 1084 SST and δ13Cwax). b Timeseries of Factor 2 (black) plotted against the standardized timeseries of the variables with the strongest loadings (Southern Hemisphere (SH) SST gradient, alkenone mass accumulation rate (MAR), and 1084 δDwax). c, d Bar plots rank the relative loading of variables on each factor, where the leftmost bar indicates the largest loading and the rightmost bar indicates the smallest loading. Note units are arbitrary and colors match those of the corresponding variable in Fig. 2.