Fig. 4: Amorphous polymer micropollutants release from polypropylene bottle.

a SEM image of typical PP APMPs captured on membrane filter surface, marked by red circles. b The quantity of PP APMPs releases from the whole bottle, mouth/neck region, and body region, respectively. c AFM image of the released particles captured on membrane filter surface. d Raman mapping and identification of captured APMP particles in Fig. 4c. e, f SEM images of the inner surface of bottle’s mouth region before and after exposure to 95 °C water, respectively. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.