Fig. 3: Compositional changes of gut microbiome.

A Comparison of alpha diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indexes) at baseline and week 12 based on species levels. Data are shown as box-and whisker plots, centre line, box boundaries, lower whisker, upper whisker and light-colored circles represent the median, quartile, minimum range, maximum range and outliers respectively. Number of participants: n = 15 for each group. B PCoA based on bray-curtis dissimilarity showed different taxonomic compositions after 12-week intervention, and no significance was showed at baseline. P value was measured by PERMANOVA (two-sided) with 999 permutation tests, followed by Benjamini-Hochberg correction. P values were colored red if significant. C Barplots showed the percentage of the composition of fecal microbiome at the family level in each group. D Abundant of Prevotellaceae family and Lachnospiraceae family after the 12-week intervention (no difference at baseline). Data are shown as box-and whisker plots, centre line, box boundaries, lower and upper whisker represent the median, quartile, minimum and maximum range respectively. Analysis was done using MaAsLin2 (two-sided) followed by Benjamini-Hochberg correction.*P < 0.05. Number of participants: n = 15 for each group. E Abundance of significant species that were significantly correlated with clinical phenotypes. F Partial Spearman correlations of glucose- and lipid-related characteristics with significant species with baseline age, sex and body mass index adjusted. *P < 0.05. HP-L: high polyunsaturated fat diet at lunch; HP-D: high polyunsaturated fat diet at dinner; HM-L: high monounsaturated fat diet at lunch; HM-D: high monounsaturated fat diet at dinner. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.