Fig. 6: Plot showing the \({{\rm{H}}}_{3}^{+}\) response to burst of auroral precipitation.

a Shows the H2 energy flux \({E}_{{H}_{2}}\) (blue, left-hand axis) and \({{\rm{H}}}_{3}^{+}\) energy flux \({E}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{3}^{+}}\) (red, right-hand axis) from the NAR flare. b Shows the best fit impulse response function h labelled with the best fit value of the \({{\rm{H}}}_{3}^{+}\) lifetime \({\tau }_{{H}_{3}^{+}}\). The black line in (a) shows the best fit h convolved with \({E}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2}}\). The time axis is in seconds from the start of the flare. Source data are available as a Source Data file.