Fig. 7: Cell performances of high-voltage QSS Li-metal cells.

a–d Charge-discharge profiles and cycling performance of Li||NCM85 cells with different QSSEs at 1 C (1 C = 200 mA/g, 0.40 mA cm−2) and 25 ± 1 °C. e Weight distribution of pouch cell components and cell design of the 489 Wh kg−1 pouch cell. f–h Charge-discharge profiles and cycling performance of 489 Wh kg−1 pouch cell at 0.05 C charge/0.1 C discharge (0.05 C = 11 mA/g, 0.1 C = 22 mA/g) at 25 ± 1 °C. i–l Charge-discharge profiles and cycling performance of Li||LCO cells with different QSSEs at 1 C (1 C = 220 mA/g, 0.44 mA cm−2) and 25 ± 1 °C. m–p In situ life extension of QSSE Li||NCM85 cells before and after freeze at −50 °C for 12 hours, with these cells cycled at 1 C (1 C = 200 mA/g, 0.40 mA cm−2) and 25 ± 1 °C. In these QSSEs, the mixed solvents of EC-DEC-FEC (2:1:1) are contained with the polymers, accounting for 30 wt%.