Table 5 Interventions included in the model

Antenatal care (Contacts 1–8)

Screening interventions:

• Blood pressure measurement

• Urine dipstick

• Point-of-care haemoglobin testing

• Syphilis testing (rapid plasma reagin)

• HIV testing^a

• Gestational diabetes testing (blood glucose)

• Screening for depression^a

• Screening for tuberculosis^a

Preventative interventions:

• Daily iron and folic acid supplementation

• Calcium supplementation^b

• Balanced energy and protein supplementation

• Antibiotic treatment for syphilis

• Albendazole (deworming)

• Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp)

• Insecticide treated bed nets^a

• Tetanus toxoid immunisation^a

Inpatient antenatal services

Preventative interventions:

• Antibiotics prophylaxis following PROM

• Referral for emergency delivery

Curative interventions:

• Gestational diabetes case management (diet/exercise, oral diabetic medications, insulin)

• Blood transfusion

• Antihypertensive treatment (oral and intravenous)

• Magnesium sulphate

Facility delivery (BEmONC)

Preventative interventions:

• Clean birth practices

• Antibiotics prophylaxis following PROM

• Antenatal corticosteroids following preterm labour

Curative interventions:

• Maternal sepsis case management (intravenous antibiotics)

• Antihypertensive treatment (intravenous)

• Magnesium sulphate

• Assisted vaginal delivery

• Active management of the third stage of labour

• Neonatal stimulation and resuscitation

Facility delivery (CEmONC)

Curative interventions:

• Delivery via caesarean section

• Additional curative surgery (uterine rupture repair/hysterectomy)

• Blood transfusion

Postnatal care (maternal)

Screening interventions:

• HIV testing^a

• Screening for depression^a

Preventative interventions:

• Daily iron and folic acid supplementation

Curative interventions:

• Postpartum haemorrhage case management (uterotonics, manual removal of retained placenta, referral for surgery)

• Maternal sepsis case management (intravenous antibiotics)

• Antihypertensive treatment (intravenous)

• Magnesium sulphate

Postnatal care (neonatal)

Screening interventions:

• HIV testing^a

Preventative interventions:

• Other essential newborn care – vitamin K prophylaxis, eye care, immunisations

Curative interventions:

• Neonatal sepsis case management – injectable antibiotics

• Neonatal sepsis case management – full supportive care

• Kangaroo mother care

CEmONC – Postnatal

Curative interventions:

• Surgery (management of postpartum haemorrhage)

• Blood transfusion