Fig. 2: Microscopic characterizations of NiN2-Nin (n = 6, 10) catalysts.

HAADF-STEM images of the NiN2-Ni6 (a) and NiN2-Ni10 (b) samples. Atomic STEM-EELS mapping of Ni-L2,3 (green) and N-K (purple) in NiN2-Ni6 (c), NiN2-Ni10 (d) in corresponding select areas (marked in the yellow square in a, b). STEM-EELS mapping (e, g) and intensity profiles (f, h) of C-K for NiN2-Ni6 (c) and NiN2-Ni10 (d) respectively. Atomic STEM-EELS signals of N-K edge in i NiN2-Ni6 and j NiN2-Ni10. Quantitative STEM-EELS analysis of Ni/N molar ration based on Ni-L2,3 and N-K edge for k NiN2-Ni6 and l NiN2-Ni10, the Ni/N molar ratio is about 2 in NiN2-Nin catalyst. Source data for (i–l) are provided as a Source Data file.