Fig. 3: SRE performances of all the as prepared catalysts.

Effect of (a) Ni loadings, (b) reaction temperatures, and (c) gaseous hourly space velocity on gas concentration and hydrogen utilization efficiency at 20 min of SRE. d Product concentration and hydrogen utilization efficiency as a function of time using the 1Ni/MTAC catalyst. Activity test conditions: 1 atm, 550 °C, S/E = 3, liquid feeding rate 0.005 mL min-1, N2 flow rate 40 mL min−1. e Time-on-line hydrogen utilization efficiency over 1Ni/MTAC. f The XRD pattern of the as prepared and reacted 1Ni/MTAC catalysts. g TGA profiles of 1Ni/MTAC catalysts after different reaction times on-stream at 550 °C. h Comparison of unit hydrogen yield of the Ni supported by different substrates.