Fig. 7: Comprehensive testing and evaluation of animal models.
From: VCL/ICAM-1 pathway is associated with lung inflammatory damage in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection
a Flowchart of the animal experiment process. Created in BioRender. Xue, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/b88o369. b-e Plasma analysis showing increases in VCL, ICAM-1, HBP, and CRP levels in the lung injury model group, with reductions following Anti-VCL intervention. f-h HE-stained sections showing histological differences in alveolar structures among control, no-intervention, and inhibitor injection groups (n = 5). i-l Schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of lung injury patterns on the air-blood barrier. i Created in BioRender. Xue, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/r67l605. j Created in BioRender. Xue, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/x01c615. k Created in BioRender. Xue, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/l87k962. l Created in BioRender. Xue, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/m91k627. m–o Lung tissue immunofluorescence showing the distribution of VCL and its increased expression in lung injury (n = 5). p–u Transmission electron microscopy images of the alveolar-capillary barrier across different groups (n = 5). Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. n (Control) = 5. n (No-intervention) = 5. n (Inhibitor injection) =5. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01.***P < 0.001.
