Fig. 1: Sampling scheme illustration for two hypothetical species.
From: Modelling the species-area relationship using extreme value theory

Open and closed dots symbolise the hypothetical distributions of individuals of two species. The red arrows indicate the location of the nearest individual to the focal point, marked by a cross in the centre of the figure. The location of the closest individual provides the information to construct the SAR, with the circles identifying the corresponding areas. The spatial distributions exemplify two scenarios: one where a species’ range encompasses the focal point (closed dots) and another where it does not (open dots).