Fig. 3: Investigations of OER activity and stability.

a Representative LSV curves for GB-V-RuO2, Com. IrO2 and Com. RuO2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. b LSV curve using GB-V-RuO2 as the catalyst for acidic OER at high current density. c Corresponding Tafel slopes derived from a. d Comparison of the specific activity and TOFECSA values of GB-V-RuO2, V-RuO2, Com. IrO2 and Com. RuO2 at 1.5 V. e Chronopotentiometric curves for GB-V-RuO2 during acidic OER, showing the improved stability of GB-V-RuO2, in comparison with Com. RuO2 and Com. IrO2. The voltages were not iR compensated. f Comparison of the degradation rate of GB-V-RuO2, V-RuO2, Com. RuO2 and Com. IrO2 during long-term acidic OER tests. All the measurements were performed using carbon paper as substrate in 0.5 M H2SO4 (pH= 0.3 ± 0.01) at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1. Source data for Fig. 3 are provided as a Source Data file.