Fig. 4: Similar developmental dynamics of ExMs between cultured human embryos and CBNs.

a UMAP visualization and plots of integration analysis of scRNA-seq data from cultured human embryos from embryonic day (E10–14)³ and differentiation time courses for CBN4. b Correlation analysis of different clusters in cultured human embryos and CBNs. c Dot plots of candidate genes specific for the indicated cell subtypes in cultured human embryos and differentiation time courses for CBN4. d UMAP plots of the indicated genes expressed in cultured human embryos and differentiation time courses for CBN4. e Split UMAP visualization of scRNA-seq data from cultured human embryos according to different developmental time points. f UMAP plots showing the dynamics of the indicated genes expressed in cultured human embryos. g IF staining of the indicated markers in the 1^# extended cultured human embryo at E11. White numbers indicate section (S) numbers, white solid circles and white arrowheads indicate T⁺GATA6^–TFAP2A^– PSLIs, yellow boxes and yellow arrowheads indicate few T⁺GATA6⁺TFAP2A^– PSLIs. We cultured four E6 blastocysts to E11 and observed T⁺ PSLIs in two embryos (1^# and 2^#, see also Supplementary Fig. 4d) but did not detect ExMs in any of the four embryos. h Schematic showing the sequence of appearances of PSLIs and ExMs. Scale bars, 100 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. See also Supplementary Fig. 4.