Fig. 3: Structural and performance optimization of integrative gas diffusion electrode (GDE). | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Structural and performance optimization of integrative gas diffusion electrode (GDE).

From: A membrane-free electrochemical reactor for efficient oxygen removal via gravity-assisted product self-separation

Fig. 3: Structural and performance optimization of integrative gas diffusion electrode (GDE).

a Conductivity enhancement and mechanical strength testing of integrative GDE with varying carbon nanotube contents. b Gas permeability improvement and mechanical strength testing of integrative GDE with different ammonium bicarbonate contents. c Stability and contact angle measurements for carbon paper and integrative GDE. d Radar chart comparing the performance parameters of carbon paper GDE and integrative GDE. e Stability of carbon paper before and after reaction: (i) Schematic illustration, (ii) Infrared spectroscopy, (iii) Raman spectroscopy, (iv) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. f Stability of integrative GDE before and after reaction: (i) Schematic illustration, (ii) Infrared spectroscopy, (iii) Raman spectroscopy, (iv) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Source data for Fig. 3a–f are provided as a Source Data file.

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