Fig. 8: Global eccDNA dynamics under optimal growth and nutritional stress conditions in rice shoot tissue.
From: Adaptive dynamics of extrachromosomal circular DNA in rice under nutrient stress

eccDNAs are derived across the rice genome with single-fragment as the typical predominant class. Gene-overlapped eccDNAs (ecGenes), Transposable Element-overlapped eccDNAs (ecTEs), and full-length repeat unit-overlapped eccDNAs (full-length ecRepeatUnits) show dynamic changes during rice optimal growth, and in response to short-term and long-term low nitrogen (LN) and low phosphorus (LP) stresses. The accumulation of identified two-fragment and five-fragment eccDNAs (2 f and 5 f eccDNAs) is induced by nutritional stresses. Furthermore, a putative eccDNA origin mechanism based on Homologous Recombination (HR) among LTRs has been proposed by analyzing identified 2 f eccDNAs.