Fig. 4: The structure characterization and formation mechanism of stable SEI.
a C 1s, b F 1s, c S 2p, and d O 1s XPS spectra of the Zn anode after 50 cycles in electrolyte with 1 wt% PS. Spatial distribution of F−, S−, and CO3− on the Zn anode after 50 cycles in (e) 1 M Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte and (f) electrolyte with 1 wt% PS detected by ToF-SIMS. g HRTEM images of the Zn anode after 50 plating/stripping cycles in electrolyte with 1 wt% PS. h LUMO, HOMO isosurfaces of H2O and PS molecules. Simulated electric field distributions during the process of Zn deposition on the Zn electrode in (i) 1 M Zn(OTf)2 and (j) electrolyte with 1 wt% PS.
