Fig. 6: Electrochemical performance of full cell.

a Rate performance of Zn||V₂O₅/rGO full cells using different electrolytes from 0.2 to 10 A g⁻¹, the mass loadings of V₂O₅/rGO are about 1.5 mg cm⁻². b Long-term cycling performance of Zn||V₂O₅/rGO full cells at 5 A g⁻¹. c Comparison of the cycling performance of the battery in this work with reported other ZIBs. The source of the literature data shown in this figure can be found in Supplementary Table 8. d, e SEM images of Zn anodes disassembled from Zn||V₂O₅/rGO full cells using different electrolytes after 1000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. f Zn²⁺ diffusion coefficients comparison in different electrolytes. g The self-discharge behavior of batteries with different electrolytes. h Cycling performance of Zn||V₂O₅/rGO pouch cells with different electrolytes.