Fig. 6: The immune cell landscape in HNSCC patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment with LDR combined with αPD-1 and chemotherapy.

a UMAP plot depicting all cells from HNSCC patients, with each cell type indicated by a different color. b UMAP plot showing the subpopulations of T lymphoid cells and NK cells from HNSCC patients, also color-coded by cell type. c Cell Type Infiltration Percentage Stacked Bar Chart shows the percentage distribution of CD8⁺ T cell subpopulations. d Violin plot that shows treatment group differences in MS4A1 expression within B cells. Violin plots depict the distribution of expression levels, with the top and bottom edges indicating the maximum and minimum values, respectively, white dots representing median values, and black bars showing the interquartile range (IQR, 25th to 75th percentiles). Statistical significance was determined using a two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test (****p < 0.0001). e UMAP plot of myeloid cell subpopulations from HNSCC patients, color-coded by cell type. f Violin plot illustrating the functional characteristic scores across monocyte-macrophage subpopulations. Violin plots depict the distribution of expression levels, with top and bottom edges indicating the maximum (100th percentile) and minimum (0th percentile) values, respectively, white dots representing median values (50th percentile), and black bars showing the interquartile range (IQR, 25th to 75th percentiles). g Cell Type Infiltration Percentage Stacked Bar Chart shows the percentage distribution of myeloid cell subpopulations. h Kaplan-Meier curve that demonstrates the correlation between the infiltration of Macro_APOE and the overall survival (OS) of TCGA-HNSC patients (n = 500). Statistical significance was determined using a two-sided log-rank test, with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05/5 = 0.01) for multiple comparisons.