Fig. 1: Molecular design and anchoring behavior.

a Chemical structures of PyAA-Br, PyAA, PyAA-Me, and PyAA-MeO. b XPS of In 3 d and Sn 3 d for bare ITO substrate, and different SAMs deposited on the ITO.

a Chemical structures of PyAA-Br, PyAA, PyAA-Me, and PyAA-MeO. b XPS of In 3 d and Sn 3 d for bare ITO substrate, and different SAMs deposited on the ITO.