Fig. 3: Catalytic activity and stability in 1 M KOH.

a LSV curves of Int-Ni/MoO2, NiMo/MoO2, and Pt/C at scan rate of 5 mV s−1 without iR compensation. b Multiple current tests of Int-Ni/MoO2, NiMo/MoO2, Pt/C, and cPt/Ni (electrode area: 1 cm2). c Long-term durability test of Int-Ni/MoO2 at 25 °C. d LSV curves of the 1 cm2 electrolyser at different temperatures at scan rate of 5 mV s−1. e Stability measurement of the 1 cm2 electrolyser at 60 °C under 1000 mA cm−2. The degradation rate is calculated after 60 h activation.