Retraction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20733-9, published online 20 January 2021
The authors have retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding highly similar images in the figures, specifically:
-
Fig. 1B ex vivo lung PBS Day 28 right image appears highly similar to Fig. 1H Day 10 (Pre-MET) +Nic. left image;
-
Fig. 1H ex vivo lung Day 28 (MET) PBS left image appears highly similar to Supplementary Fig. S13C LCN2-KO left image;
-
Four mouse images and one ex vivo lung image in Fig. 2A -Nicotine group appear highly similar to those in Supplementary Fig. S3A, representing different treatments;
-
Fig. 3D Nic.+STATTIC middle mouse image appears highly similar to Fig. 6F Nicotine middle mouse image, with different fluorescence intensity;
-
Fig. 4A MCF10CA1a Nic. CM image appears to overlap with Supplementary Fig. S10A MCF10CA1a Nic. CM image, representing cells treated with different conditioned media.
-
Supplementary Fig. S1B Day 28 PBS right mouse image and Nicotine left mouse image appear highly similar, with different fluorescence intensity.
The authors have stated that these duplications occured due to errors in data handling, which may affect the reported results.
All authors agree to this retraction.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Tyagi, A., Sharma, S., Wu, K. et al. Retraction Note: Nicotine promotes breast cancer metastasis by stimulating N2 neutrophils and generating pre-metastatic niche in lung. Nat Commun 16, 4729 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59975-w
Published:
Version of record:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59975-w