Fig. 2: Thermoelectric properties and reliability of LCE i-TE fibers.

a Thermopower of LCE fibers immersed in different types of ionic liquids. b Thermopower of LCE i-TE films and fibers immersed in different concentrations of EMIM TFSI. c Thermopower of LCE i-TE fibers synthesized with various crosslinker contents at different immersion time. d Exploded schematic of the layer at different depths in LCE i-TE fibers. e–f Two-dimensional statistical kernel density estimates of the N and F elements contents along the radial direction of the LCE i-TE fibers in the case of different soaking time, respectively. g Comparison in thermopower of ionic thermoelectric materials measured at humidity less than 30% RH between the reported literatures and this work, inner graph shows a comparison in the thermopower of TE fibers between reported literatures and this work6,8,9,12,13,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58. h Ionic electrical conductivity of LCE i-TE fibers and films synthesized with different concentrations of EDDET and PETMP. i Voltage response curves of LCE i-TE fibers impregnated with different concentrations of ionic liquids over 10,000 s. j Cyclic voltage-temperature curves of LCE i-TE fibers. k Capacitor mode working mechanism diagram. All error bars denote mean ± standard deviation.