Fig. 3: In vivo differentiation of grafted forebrain NPCs in focal photothrombotic model of stroke.

a Schematic timeline for experimental design. PT, photothrombotic. PET, positron emission tomography. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. BLI, bioluminescence imaging. IEM, immunoelectron microscopy. EEG, electroencephalography. b Graph-based clustering of grafted cells from forebrain NPCs by snRNA-seq (n = 3 rats) at 11 weeks post-transplantation. c, d Five (c) and 7 (d) clusters showing detailed cell-type annotation utilizing singleR. RG, radial glia cell; DPC, diving progenitor cell; IPC, intermediate progenitor cell; EN, excitatory neuron; IN, inhibitory neuron. ULN, upper layer cortical neuron. DLN, deep layer cortical neuron. The pie chart showing the proportion of seven different cell types derived from forebrain NPCs (n = 3 rats) at 11 weeks post-transplantation. e UMAP plot showing selected marker gene expression of different cell types derived from grafted forebrain NPCs. f, g Representative images (f) and quantification (g) of NeuN-positive neurons derived from forebrain NPCs at 8 weeks after transplantation. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3 rats). Scale bar, 20 μm. h, i Pseudo-time trajectories of engrafted forebrain NPCs using diffusion map, colored by identified subpopulation. Diffusion map was constructed using Monocle2 (h) and Slingshot (i). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.