Fig. 6: Heat map showing the induction of cytokine release by macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells), and intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29).
From: Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of extracellular vesicles produced by human gut archaea
Cell lines were exposed to archaeal (M. smithii ALI, M. intestini, M. smithii GRAZ-2, and M. stadtmanae) and bacterial (ETEC, B. fragilis) EVs. Cytokine levels were measured by Luminex analyses from supernatants of HT-29 and THP-1 cells exposed to the different EVs for 24 h. Individual cytokines are indicated on the left. EV dose is indicated (A) 108 particles/ml cell culture medium and B 109 particles/ml cell culture medium on the bottom, as well as the vesicle origins. Saline (no EVs) for HT-29 and DMSO for THP-1 cells served as no treatment controls (NTC) to determine non-stimulated secretion levels of cytokines in the respective cell line, which were subtracted as blank from samples. Display of values is log10 transformed. Blue boxes show high levels, and yellow/beige boxes show negative levels of cytokine release upon EV exposure (see scale). White boxes indicate no measurable induction of cytokine release (Supplementary Data 12). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
