Fig. 8: Transcriptomic signature of iPSCs associated with enhanced embryonic colonization.

a Volcano plot representation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparisons between B19_KF and B19_VAL, B19_KF and KEPc_KF, and B19_KF and KEPc_VAL. The dotted box highlights the region magnified in (c). b Venn diagrams illustrating the overlap of upregulated and downregulated genes among three comparisons: “VALGöX effect”, “KEP effect”, and the combined “KEP + VALGöX synergistic effect”. c Enlarged volcano plot from (a), showing DEGs between B19_KF and KEPc_VAL. d KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs associated with the “KEP + VALGöX synergistic effect”, highlighting biological pathways enriched among the upregulated and downregulated genes. e Volcano plot showing DEGs between B19_VAL and KEPi_VAL + S. f KEGG pathway enrichment analysis based on the DEGs identified in (e). For all analyses, a Mann–Whitney U-test (R base package, version 4.1.2) was used to compare medians between groups. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.