Fig. 4: ID3^high OBINs transformed toward GP arkypallidal neurons and SP8^high OBINs/PROX1^high CINs transformed toward amygdala neurons in dLGE/CGE lineages.

a Streamlines of RNA velocity mapped the trajectories of the dLGE/CGE lineage in the control mice; the blue dashed line highlights the two separate dLGE/CGE lineages, including FOXP2^highSP8^low and FOXP2^lowSP8^high lineages. UMAP plots showing the expression patterns of Foxp2 and Sp8; the black dashed lines highlight the FOXP2^highSP8^low and FOXP2^lowSP8^high lineages. Co-immunostaining against SP8 and FOXP2 at E16.5 in wild type mice (the experiment was repeated independently three times with similar results). b URD branching trees of the FOXP2^highSP8^low lineage and FOXP2^lowSP8^high lineage in the control mice. Roots are progenitors, tips are ID3^high OBINs, GP arkypallidal neurons, SP8^high OBINs, PROX1^high PINs, and amygdala neurons. Color: cell identity. c Streamlines of RNA velocity mapped the trajectories of the dLGE/CGE lineage in Foxg1 cKO mice. The yellow dashed lines showing the pallial trajectories transformed toward subpallial trajectories. d URD branching trees of the FOXP2^highSP8^low lineage and FOXP2^lowSP8^high lineage in the Foxg1 cKO mice. e Volcano plot showing the dLGE/CGE DEGs between the two genotypes. Two-tailed unpaired t test with Benjamini–Hochberg-corrected p value. The tested genes of adjusted p value < 0.05 and absolute logFC more than 0.322 were differentially expressed. f Bubble plot showing GO terms enriched in the dLGE/CGE DEGs (Hypergeometric test, Benjamini and Hochberg correction, adjusted p values < 0.05).