Fig. 2: Calibration of PDE loss weight in synthetic dataset experiments for tumor segmentation.
a Illustration of GliODIL's synthetic results for localized multi-focal and single focal tumors. In these simulations, all loss weights remain constant except for the LPDE weight, λPDE. A value of λPDE = 1 was selected to strike a balance in the model between fit to the data and the tumor growth equations. Dice scores were calculated at 10% tumor cell concentration, which is outside of the segmented region (edema at least at 20%). Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation of n = 50 samples (synthetic patients) in each group. b The first and second rows represent a segmentation and a synthetic FET-PET that serve as input to GliODIL. Comparison: a forward run with ground truth parameters, tumor cells distribution inferred by GliODIL, and an initial guess (I. guess) that serves as a starting point of the optimization. c Comparison of exact and inferred parameters. d Input for the multi-focal experiment. e Tumor cell distribution of GliODIL with progressively relaxed λPDE. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is calculated for low-cell tumor concentration (at 10%), meaning tumor cell distribution outside of visible tumor on MRI.
