Fig. 7: Integration test with implantable control system.

a Left and right ventricular output flow (top panel) as a result of pressure pulses provided to the septum (bottom panel). b (all panels show 10-beat moving average values). Two vertical solid lines indicate two instances where input power is manually decreased to demonstrate the effect of electrical input power on hybrid heart output. SV = stroke volume, CO = cardiac output, HR = heart rate, P = electrical power. c Components of the experimental setup, showing how the septum of Hybrid Heart (HH) is connected inline with the sealed air circulation of the implantable control system. The ventricles of the Hybrid Heart are connected to a mock circulatory loop. A horizontal dashed line demarcates the division between the internal and external components of the transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) system.