Fig. 5: Enhanced energy metabolism through reoxidation of NADH in cytoplasmic. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Enhanced energy metabolism through reoxidation of NADH in cytoplasmic.

From: Sucrose-driven carbon redox rebalancing eliminates the Crabtree effect and boosts energy metabolism in yeast

Fig. 5: Enhanced energy metabolism through reoxidation of NADH in cytoplasmic.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Schematic diagram showing reconfiguration of the central carbon metabolism network in yeast. Red lines indicate introduced exogenous pathways, while knocked-out genes are marked with crosses. b Growth of strain (ZQS48) containing the synthetic energy system, with ZQS39 as the control strain. c Comparison of ATP content in strains with the synthetic energy system. ZQS39 is the control strain without the synthetic energy system, ZQS48 (NDE1 + NDE2 + TH) contains the synthetic energy system, and ZQS65 (NDE1 + NDE2 + TH; PK + PTA; ADH1Δ; ADH3Δ; GPP1Δ; GPP2Δ) contains the synthetic energy system with optimised central carbon metabolism. d Schematic diagram illustrating the metabolic connections between glycolysis, the PPP, and the TCA cycle. Red arrows indicate the downregulation of IDH2 gene expression, leading to reduced TCA cycle flux. e Growth of ZQS39, lacking the synthetic energy system, after replacing IDH2p with weaker promoters. IDH2 was expressed under a series of promoters, including COX12p (100%), ATP20p (53%), SDH4p (41%), PHD1p (19%), and PGU1p (11%). f Growth of ZQS48, containing the synthetic energy system, after replacing IDH2p with weaker promoters. g Ethanol accumulation during energy metabolism remodelling. h Glycerol production during energy metabolism remodelling. All data are expressed as mean ± SD of biological triplicates. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student’s t-test (two-tailed; sample size, n = 3). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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