Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients before and after matching
Variables | Â | Before matching | Â | Â | After matching | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | SGLT2i group (n = 58,899) | DPP4i group (n = 63,696) | Std diff | SGLT2 group (n = 41,244) | DPP4i group (n = 41,244) | Std diff |
Age at index, years | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 65.8 ± 10.8 | 68.3 ± 11.6 | 0.2264 | 66.8 ± 10.7 | 66.5 ± 11.5 | 0.0239 |
Sex, n(%) | ||||||
 Female | 24,115 (40.9) | 30,993 (48.7) | 0.1560 | 18,121 (43.9) | 18,004 (43.7) | 0.0057 |
 Male | 31,251 (53.1) | 30,270 (47.5) | 0.1105 | 21,065 (51.1) | 21,180 (51.4) | 0.0056 |
Race, n(%) | ||||||
 White | 38,072 (64.6) | 38,859 (61) | 0.0747 | 26,601 (64.5) | 26,853 (65.1) | 0.0128 |
 Black or African American | 9994 (17) | 8812 (13.8) | 0.0867 | 6520 (15.8) | 6514 (15.8) | 0.0004 |
 Asian | 1224 (2.1) | 3358 (5.3) | 0.1705 | 1145 (2.8) | 1109 (2.7) | 0.0054 |
 Other race | 1514 (2.6) | 1321 (2.1) | 0.0329 | 1002 (2.4) | 981 (2.4) | 0.0033 |
 Unknown race | 7808 (13.3) | 11,087 (17.4) | 0.1155 | 5796 (14.1) | 5619 (13.6) | 0.0124 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 34.2 ± 8.5 | 32.4 ± 8.2 | 0.2231 | 33.1 ± 8.2 | 33.2 ± 8.3 | 0.0111 |
 25 – 30, n(%) | 11,713 (19.9) | 10,942 (17.2) | 0.0696 | 8,079 (19.6) | 7,948 (19.3) | 0.0080 |
 ≥ 30, n(%) | 27,504 (46.7) | 19,716 (31) | 0.3271 | 16,088 (39.0) | 16,148 (39.2) | 0.0030 |
HbA1c, % | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 0.0111 | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 0.0222 |
 ≥ 8, n(%) | 25,695 (43.6) | 23,762 (37.3) | 0.1287 | 16,627 (40.3) | 16,561 (40.2) | 0.0033 |
Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||||
 Overweight and obesity | 21,842 (37.1) | 13,988 (22.0) | 0.3360 | 11,863 (28.8) | 11,782 (28.6) | 0.0043 |
 Malnutrition | 1411 (2.4) | 1712 (2.7) | 0.0186 | 1108 (2.7) | 1102 (2.7) | 0.0009 |
 Alcohol related disorders | 2438 (4.1) | 1531 (2.4) | 0.0976 | 1313 (3.2) | 1315 (3.2) | 0.0003 |
 Nicotine dependence | 14,585 (24.8) | 10,267 (16.1) | 0.2154 | 8576 (20.8) | 8589 (20.8) | 0.0008 |
 Hypertension | 41,959 (71.2) | 40,135 (63.0) | 0.1753 | 27,911 (67.7) | 27,843 (67.5) | 0.0035 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 39,988 (67.9) | 35,212 (55.3) | 0.2610 | 25,773 (62.5) | 25,656 (62.2) | 0.0059 |
 Chronic liver disease | 6390 (10.8) | 4596 (7.2) | 0.1269 | 3593 (8.7) | 3551 (8.6) | 0.0036 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 16,133 (27.4) | 16,568 (26.0) | 0.0310 | 10,921 (26.5) | 10,874 (26.4) | 0.0026 |
 Cerebrovascular diseases | 7790 (13.2) | 7896 (12.4) | 0.0247 | 5273 (12.8) | 5217 (12.6) | 0.0041 |
 Heart failure | 23,605 (40.1) | 13,857 (21.8) | 0.4043 | 12,343 (29.9) | 12,325 (29.9) | 0.0010 |
 Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 13,570 (23.0) | 9603 (15.1) | 0.2036 | 7784 (18.9) | 7740 (18.8) | 0.0027 |
 Ischemic heart diseases | 27,023 (45.9) | 20,009 (31.4) | 0.3002 | 16,109 (39.1) | 16,016 (38.8) | 0.0046 |
 Hypertensive diseases | 46,599 (79.1) | 44,172 (69.4) | 0.2242 | 30,769 (74.6) | 30,689 (74.4) | 0.0045 |
 Pulmonary heart disease | 8464 (14.4) | 4772 (7.5) | 0.2217 | 4221 (10.2) | 4206 (10.2) | 0.0012 |
 Disorders involving the immune mechanism | 1872 (3.2) | 1424 (2.2) | 0.0581 | 1150 (2.8) | 1116 (2.7) | 0.0050 |
 Obstructive sleep apnea | 16,052 (27.3) | 8451 (13.3) | 0.3532 | 7801 (18.9) | 7682 (18.6) | 0.0074 |
Hypoglycemic medications | ||||||
 Insulins and analogs | 27,608 (46.9) | 22,453 (35.3) | 0.2376 | 16,846 (40.8) | 16,837 (40.8) | 0.0004 |
 Biguanides | 21,149 (35.9) | 18,671 (29.3) | 0.1408 | 13,420 (32.5) | 13,431 (32.6) | 0.0006 |
 Sulfonylureas | 8106 (13.8) | 12,274 (19.3) | 0.1489 | 6487 (15.7) | 6514 (15.8) | 0.0018 |
 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists | 8050 (13.7) | 1468 (2.3) | 0.4286 | 1609 (3.9) | 1467 (3.6) | 0.0182 |
 Thiazolidinediones | 1234 (2.1) | 2245 (3.5) | 0.0867 | 992 (2.4) | 1011 (2.5) | 0.0030 |
 Alpha glucosidase inhibitors | 87 (0.1) | 416 (0.7) | 0.0801 | 77 (0.2) | 76 (0.2) | 0.0006 |
