Fig. 3: Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of CPT2^H-KO mice.

a–c Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) plots showing downregulated signatures related to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) (a), respiratory electron transport (b), and genes related to the TCA cycle (c). Gene expression was determined by RNA-seq data from heart samples collected from 4-week-old wild-type and CPT2^H-KO mice (n  =  5). NES denotes the normalized enrichment score. FDR (false discovery rate) < 0.001. d Volcano plot to compare the mean log₂ fold change (CPT2^H-KO/wild-type) of normalized spectral counts and the log₁₀ of the P values obtained in the two-sided t-test comparison (n = 4 per group). The horizontal line represents the threshold of P = 0.05. e Gene ontology analysis of the proteomics data reveals enriched cellular components that are upregulated in the CPT2^H-KO mice. Significantly enriched GO terms associated with mitochondria are highlighted in red. f Representative western blot and (g) quantification of IMM (TIM23, TIM22) and OMM (TOM40) protein expression in heart tissue derived from wild-type and CPT2^H-KO mice. Data represent mean ± s.d. (n  =  3). The P values were calculated using a one-sided Fisher’s exact test (e) or an unpaired two-tailed Student’s ttest (g). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.