Fig. 4: Data assimilation results from our cGENIE Earth system modeling based on the pH-δ13CDIC double inversion of four scenarios based on different assumptions of POE onset duration.
From: Millennial-timescale thermogenic CO2 release preceding the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

(a–d), δ13Csource values of the diagnosed carbon source for the four age models (see age model interpretation in the main text). (e–h), Model-diagnosed rates of CO2 emission for the four age models. (i–l), Cumulative amount of CO2 emitted for the four age models. The gray shaded area represents 1500 years.