Fig. 3: Single-cell subset patterns of responder and non-responder patients to etanercept, tocilizumab and rituximab.

a Heatmap showing estimated immune cell subset profiles of all individuals at baseline, calculated by gene module score using Seurat. Individuals (columns) were clustered using the Euclidean distance metric and complete linkage clustering method. Upper tracks show ESR, CRP, cell type (B cell rich/poor), pathotype, ACR20 and ACR50 response, randomised medication (treatment) and histological scores for CD3, CD20, CD138, CD68L (lining) and CD68SL (sublining). b Forest plot showing mean fold-changes of single-cell subsets that are differentially present in any responders compared to any non-responders. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis (two-sided) by linear model using limma. Significant fold-changes are indicated with asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Precise p values are available in the supplementary material. c Forest plot showing fold-changes of single-cell subsets that are differentially present in responders compared to non-responders separately in each medication. d Box plots showing module scores of SC-B2 (IGHG3+CD27+ memory B-cell), SC-T3 (PD-1+ Tph/Tfh) T-cell subsets for etanercept, rituximab and any treatment (either etanercept, rituximab or tocilizumab) groups. Box plots show median, upper and lower quartiles, with whiskers denoting maximal and minimal data within 1.5 × interquartile range.