Fig. 1: Developing countries pay lower prices for nutrition in the international seafood trade.

Percent differences in nutrient concentration per dollar for developed and developing country importers for two macronutrients and two micronutrients. Positive percent differences imply that developing countries receive more nutrition per dollar. Point estimates (filled circles) and 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) are depicted for each nutrient using the full sample for Dev 1, which divides Gross Domestic Product Per Capita in Purchasing Power Parity (GDPPCPPP) into quintiles, assigns the bottom two quintiles to developing, and assigns the top three quintiles to developed. Blue indicates the full sample. Orange excludes major re-exporters from the sample. Other nutrients and the remaining five development status distinctions show similar patterns, namely that developing country importers receive more nutrients per dollar than developed country importers (Supplementary Fig. 1). All differences are statistically different from zero based on Mann–Whitney tests (Supplementary Data 1).