Fig. 1: Online performance in motor imagery (MI) robotic finger control.
From: EEG-based brain-computer interface enables real-time robotic hand control at individual finger level
Group-level online performance for 2-finger (A) and 3-finger (B) MI across sessions (n = 21 subjects). Comparisons between the base and fine-tuned models for Sessions 1 and 2 were conducted using a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (*** if p < 0.001, * if p < 0.05). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were applied with main effects of session and model, and comparisons between Sessions 1 and 2 were indicated by the main effect of session (### if p < 0.001, ## if p < 0.01). The red dashed line indicates the chance level, while the gray dashed line represents the median performance under each condition. The black dots represent every instance. P-values: 0.0002 (A, Session 1), 0.0122 (A, Session 2), 0.0011 (A, Session 1 vs. 2); 0.0271 (B, Session 1), 3.62e−05 (B, Session 2), 7.55e−05 (B, Session 1 vs. 2). Group-level precision of 2-finger and 3-finger MI decoding across sessions (C) and group-level recall of 2-finger and 3-finger MI decoding results for different classifiers (D) (n = 21 subjects). The center lines indicate the median values. The boxes extend from the lower quartile to the upper quartile. Diamonds indicate outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range above the third quartile or below the first quartile. Comparisons between the precision across sessions and recall across models were conducted using a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (*** if p < 0.001, ** if p < 0.01, * if p < 0.05). P-values: 4.62e−08 (C, Thumb, 2-class), 0.0009 (C, Thumb, 3-class), 0.0395 (C, Index, 3-class), 0.0012 (C, Pinky, 3-class), 0.0412 (D, Thumb, 3-class), 0.0007 (D, Index, 3-class). E Group averaged alpha band (8−13 Hz) ERD topology for MI online control tasks. F Group-averaged saliency topological maps of the EEGNet models for online MI sessions. Channels with the highest 25% saliency values are highlighted by white circles on the electrodes.
