Fig. 5: Application for a water splitting device with repeated start-stop operation.
a Scheme of the power fluctuations of renewable (wind and solar) energy for hydrogen production devices. b Repeated start-stop cycles performance of the AEM device with/without the introduction of Ar NBs to keep the current density of 200 mA/cm2. c Voltage variation during repeated start-stop test with/without the introduction of Ar NBs. d SEM images of the NiFe-LDH electrode after repeated start-stop cycle tests with and without NBs. e HER polarization curves of the as-prepared NiMo electrode (black) and after 300 cycles of repeated start-stop operation with Ar NBs (red) and without NBs (blue) (with 100% iR correction and Rs = 0.89 ± 0. 050 Ω. f OER polarization curves of the as-prepared NiFe-LDH electrode (black) and after 300 cycles of repeated start-stop operation with Ar NBs (red) and without NBs (blue) (with 100% iR correction and Rs = 0.84 ± 0.120 Ω). g CDL and Tafel slope of the freshly prepared NiMo electrode (Initial NiMo) and NiMo electrode after repeated start-stop cycles operation with NBs (After Cycles W/ NBs) and without NBs (After Cycles W/O NBs). h CDL and Tafel slope of the freshly prepared NiFe-LDH electrode (Initial NiFe-LDH) and NiFe-LDH electrode after repeated start-stop cycles operation with NBs (After Cycles W/ NBs) and without NBs (After Cycles W/O NBs). Note: The non-iR corrected LSV curves of 5E and 5F are provided in Supplementary Fig. S31. Source data for (b, c, e–h) are provided as a Source Data file.
